"The Bird" Mixed Media: Acrylic + Watercolor
Date: Sunday, May 26 from 11:00 am -12:30 pm
Fee: $75/ member discount with member code
Ages: 8+
Levels: All
Sessions: 1
Instructor: Maria Casey
Location: Studio 1
Learn how to draw and paint a beautiful bird combining watercolor and acrylic paint.
You will be able to understand the contrasting properties of these two media and practice the basic principles of blending watercolor and acrylic to create unique and realistic textures.
Express yourself by exploring texture, color, and technique differently. It’s easy and fun. No previous experience is needed!
All supplies provided.
We Love Cats Series: The Butterfly Encounter
Date: Sunday, June 2 from 10 am - 11:30 am
Fee: $75/ member discount with member code
Ages: 8+
Levels: All
Sessions: 1
Instructor: Maria Casey
Location: Studio 1
Whether you're an experienced artist or a curious beginner, you will explore techniques to blend colors, create texture, and capture the mystical atmosphere of a moonlit night using acrylic paint. Bring a dream scene to life and enjoy painting this lovely cat.
All supplies provided.
Botanical Gelli Printing and Collage
Date: Saturday & Sunday, June 8 - 9, 1 pm - 4 pm
Fee: $125/ discount with member code
Ages: 16+
Levels: All
Sessions: 2
Instructor: Marcia Mickelson Miller
Location: Schack Art Center, Printmaking Studio
Gelli printing is easy and fun! In this two-day workshop, students will use leaves, grasses, and blossoms to create several simple and charming compositions printed in different color combinations on a variety of papers. Students will be provided with a gel plate, brayer, paint, papers, and botanicals to incorporate into the designs of their choice. On day two of the workshop, students can cut, collage, and reassemble their prints into finished works for home decor, note cards, journal additions, and more. The only limit is your imagination!
Please bring to class an apron to protect clothing and any papers you think might be fun to use as well as a botanical collection of simple forms that will lie flat on the plate.
Sunflower Symphony
Date: Sunday, June 9 from 10:30 am -12:00 pm
Fee: $80/ member discount with member code
Ages: 8+
Levels: All
Sessions: 1
Instructor: Maria Casey
Location: Studio 2
Participants will have the unique opportunity to blend various artistic mediums—watercolor, markers, colored pencils, and magazine collage—to craft a stunning sunflower. This workshop is designed for artists and enthusiasts of all levels who wish to explore the dynamic possibilities of mixed-media art.
All supplies provided.
Botanical Watercolor
Dates: Sunday, June 9, 1 pm to 4 pm
Fee: $75 / discount with member code
Ages: 15+
Levels: All
Sessions: 1
Instructor: Jeanne Whitney
Location: Schack Art Center, Studio 2
In this workshop, you'll learn the basics of watercolor techniques and how to apply them to capture the delicate details of flowers, leaves, and plants. Through step-by-step guidance and hands-on practice, you'll gain confidence in mixing colors, creating textures, and achieving lifelike botanical illustrations.
Our emphasis is on enjoyment and exploration rather than perfection. You'll have the freedom to experiment with different styles and approaches, with gentle encouragement and feedback.
Materials to bring:
140 lb - 300 lb paper; either cut up a big sheet or get a pad. All cotton is especially nice.
Brushes, some rounds, a wash brush 1 inch - 3 inches, and a detail brush.
Painter's tape from the hardware store or acid-free tape for watercolors
A board bigger than your paper. We work smaller in class, around 8 x 10 or 11x14 or less, for time and space.
Paint: Daniel Smith, Winsor Newton, Qor, etc., not student grade. Just red, yellow, and blue can be enough to start. Look on the side of the tube and see if it has just one pigment; then, you'll know if it is a pure color, which is best for mixing other colors from them.
Masking fluid.
A Palette with a lid and large spaces for mixing.
Some close-up, detailed photos you would like to paint or bring several plant specimens.
Homeschool Art Day
Dates: Friday, June 14, 10 am - 12 pm
Fee: $15
Ages: 6+
Levels: Beginner
Sessions: 1
Instructor: Elena Weber
Location: Schack Art Center, Studios 1 and 2
Designed for Kindergarten-High School-aged students and their caregivers. Youth must be accompanied by an adult. Register for each child attending. Caregivers need to attend with their kid(s) but do not need to register.
Families and educators! The Schack Art Center is excited to host Homeschool Art Day!
Discover new themes and techniques, from watercolor to collage, while honing your skills in composition, color theory, and art history. Each program offers an engaging theme and focuses on the enhancement of academic curriculum highlighting literacy, observation, critical thinking, communication, and social skill development. This program offers a great opportunity for interaction between different homeschool groups in a creative setting. Join us for a journey of creativity and self-expression in a welcoming environment!
Space is limited to 15 participants; please register early.
Cost is $15/student
Large and Wild Abstracted Botanicals
Dates: Saturday, June 15 from 11:30 am - 2:30 pm
Fee: $175/ discount with member code
Ages: 18+
Levels: All
Sessions: 1
Instructor: Jackie Cort
Location: Schack Art Center Studio 1 & Studio 2
Discover the magic of large-scale wild botanicals in this workshop. Create three Nature-inspired pieces using mixed media as we give your style a taste of the wilder side of color!
*All levels
*Supplies included
*Aprons or old clothes are recommended.
Say What You Want to Say
Dates: Friday - Sunday, June 21 - 23 from 9:00 am-4:00 pm (12 pm - 1 pm break)
Fee: $675
Ages: 18+
Levels: All
Sessions: 3
Instructor: Rachel Brumer
Location: Schack Art Center, Printmaking Studio
*Schack Memberships do not apply to NWDC Courses.
Through unique and low-tech surface design techniques, artists will learn to develop experimental strategies to create elements to collage with on canvas. We will use dye, paint, ink, thread, and pastels and observe how the materials speak to each other when collaging our elements on the painted canvas. We will look at and discuss my work, your work, and the exceptional work of other artists, including those working at the Creative Growth Studio. We will inspire and support each other’s creative impulses and each artist’s individual voice.
We will cut out collage elements, prepare our canvas, apply elements to the canvas, and finish the canvas with acrylic polymer and cold wax.
Student Supply List (please bring):
Thread for embellishment
Old credit card/plastic squeegee
Old lace
Other printing materials
Small spray bottle for water
Painting Summer Series
Dates: Monday - Friday, July 8 -12, 2:00 pm -4:00 pm
Fee: $270/ discount with member code
Ages: 10-16 year old
Levels: All
Sessions: 5
Instructor: Pete Barth
Location: Schack Art Center Drawing & Painting Studio
Acrylics are one of the most versatile media ever invented! Bright, luminous colors, ease of use, and infinite techniques make acrylic painting a boundless, creative choice. Whether you are intrigued by acrylic's potential or have worked in acrylic for years, this summer art camp has something for everyone!
Designed specifically for kids aged 10-16, we will cover the basics of composition, light & shadow, color harmony, and perspective. You will have the opportunity to paint a variety of summer-themed subjects: beaches, oceans, mountains, sunsets, flowers, and more. We will delve into some of the alternative techniques acrylics has to offer: washes, layering, dripping, sponging, spraying, textured mediums, collage, etc!
This summer art camp is the perfect opportunity for young artists to expand their creative horizons and learn new techniques.
All supplies will be provided.
Vibrant Abstracted Landscapes
Dates: Saturday, July 13 from 11:30 am - 2:30 pm
Fee: $175/ discount with member code
Ages: 18+
Levels: All
Sessions: 1
Instructor: Jackie Cort
Location: Schack Art Center Studio 1 & Studio 2
In this workshop, we will be creating 3 LARGE works using mixed media in a loose and free-flowing way to create naturally abstracted landscapes on 18” x 24” artist-grade papers. You will love the results!
*All levels
*Supplies included
*Aprons or old clothes are recommended.
We Love Cats Series: Lunar Companions
Date: Sunday, July 14 from 10 am - 11:30 am
Fee: $75/ member discount with member code
Ages: 8+
Levels: All
Sessions: 1
Instructor: Maria Casey
Location: Schack Art Center, Studio 1
This workshop is an open invitation for artists of all levels to explore the rich textures and vibrant colors that pastels can offer. You'll discover techniques to layer, blend, and create depth using oil pastels and dry pastels to bring to life the soft fur of the cats and the luminous glow of the moon against the night sky. Take your artistic expression to new heights!
No experience is needed.
All supplies provided.
Acrylic Painting
Date: Sundays, July 14 - September 1 (SKIP JULY 21 & AUGUST 18) from 4 pm to 6 pm
Fee: $225 / member discount with member code
Ages: 15+
Levels: Beginner/Intermediate
Sessions: 6
Instructor: Pete Barth
Location: Schack Art Center, Painting & Drawing Studio
Acrylics are one of the most versatile media ever invented! Bright, luminous colors, ease of use, and infinite techniques make acrylic painting a boundless, creative choice. Whether you are intrigued by acrylic's potential or have worked in acrylic for years, this class has something for everyone!
We will cover the basics of composition, light & shadow, color harmony, and perspective. You will have the opportunity to paint a variety of subjects: landscapes, animals, plants, national parks, birds, sailboats, still lifes. We will delve into some of the alternative techniques acrylics has to offer: washes, layering, dripping, sponging, spraying, textured mediums, collage, etc! Expand your creative horizons in this fun and informative class!
All supplies provided.
WATERCOLOR SUMMER SERIES
Dates: Monday - Friday, July 15 - July 19 from 11:00 am -1:00 pm
Fee: $270/ discount with member code
Ages: 10-16 year old
Levels: All
Sessions: 5
Instructor: Pete Barth
Location: Schack Art Center Drawing & Painting Studio
Enjoy the fascinating, vibrant world of watercolors in this exciting class! We will paint and draw a variety of subjects such as landscapes, animals, portraits, and still lives, and explore color, value, shadow, perspective, materials, and brush handling in this fun and informative class for everyone!
All supplies will be provided.
Drawing & Painting Animals Summer Series
Dates: Monday -Friday, July 15 - July 19, 2:00 pm -4:00 pm
Fee: $270/ discount with member code
Ages: 10-16 year old
Levels: All
Sessions: 5
Instructor: Pete Barth
Location: Schack Art Center Drawing & Painting Studio
Learn to depict the beauty, energy, and diversity of animal life utilizing a variety of drawing and painting techniques and media. Learn a range of expressive and playful approaches to zoological illustration with step-by-step instruction, demonstration, and hands-on experience, gaining the foundation you need to draw any zoological subject you like. Create animal gesture drawings and learn to depict the movement and structure of animals in action. Through a series of step-by-step demos, learn to produce true-to-life drawings and paintings of animals. Class is open to all levels of experience.
All supplies will be provided.
GOLDEN In Person Event: Textural Surfaces
GOLDEN In-Person Event: Textural Surfaces
FREE
Dates: Saturday, July 20 from 11 am - 12:30 pm
Fee: FREE
Ages: 15+
Levels: All
Sessions: 1
Instructor: Barbara DePirro, depirroart@gmail.com
Location: Schack Art Center, Studios 1 & 2
(Select Event: "7/20= W8-516 Schack Art Center with Barbara De Pirro")
Come join us in a vibrant discussion centered around you and the versatile world of Golden Artist Colors, Inc. Discover a diverse and remarkable combination of textural Acrylic Grounds, Pastes, and Gels. Learn about the unique qualities each product offers in its natural state, plus a range of techniques that can be used to manipulate the surface. Paint can be used on each of these surfaces, extended with water, or mixed with various mediums. The same technique appears very different with each new product. These same products can also be tinted with acrylic paint, creating a whole series of other possibilities. This is a great place for beginners and experienced artists alike to learn new techniques and be inspired by innovative applications.
This event aims to foster an open and collaborative atmosphere, creating a platform for us to delve into any questions you may have. Together, we will explore new and innovative concepts by harnessing the potential of Golden's products and resources.
The instructor will share several samples, and techniques and answer questions during the event. A class summary and images will be provided so that artists can continue their exploration independently. Attendees (US Only) will have the opportunity to request free product samples (FYI shipped after the event).
This event is sponsored by Golden Artist Colors & co-hosted by the Schack Art Center in Everett, WA.
(Select Event: "7/20= W8-516 Schack Art Center with Barbara De Pirro")
If you have any questions, please contact our Art Studio Coordinator at rchernow@schack.org
We Love Cats Series: Heart of Whiskers, A Colorful Fusion
Date: Sunday, July 21 from 10 am - 11:30 am
Fee: $75/ member discount with member code
Ages: 8+
Levels: All
Sessions: 1
Instructor: Maria Casey
Location: Schack Art Center, Studio 1
You'll master the art of blending watercolors, color pencils, and markers to create a vibrant, bright-colored cat. Learn how to balance color, create texture, and bring depth to your artwork, resulting in a stunning piece that radiates joy and love. Join us and let your creativity bloom!
No experience is needed.
All supplies provided.
PAINTING SUMMER SERIES
Dates: Monday - Friday, Aug 5 - Aug 9, 2:00 pm -4:00 pm
Fee: $270/ discount with member code
Ages: 10-16 year old
Levels: All
Sessions: 5
Instructor: Pete Barth
Location: Schack Art Center Drawing & Painting Studio
Acrylics are one of the most versatile media ever invented! Bright, luminous colors, ease of use, and infinite techniques make acrylic painting a boundless, creative choice. Whether you are intrigued by acrylic's potential or have worked in acrylic for years, this summer art camp has something for everyone!
Designed specifically for kids aged 10-16, we will cover the basics of composition, light & shadow, color harmony, and perspective. You will have the opportunity to paint a variety of summer-themed subjects: beaches, oceans, mountains, sunsets, flowers, and more. We will delve into some of the alternative techniques acrylics has to offer: washes, layering, dripping, sponging, spraying, textured mediums, collage, etc!
This summer art camp is the perfect opportunity for young artists to expand their creative horizons and learn new techniques.
All supplies will be provided.
Wax On/New Textures & Tones
Dates: Saturday, August 10 from 11:30 am - 2:30 pm
Fee: $175/ discount with member code
Ages: 18+
Levels: All
Sessions: 1
Instructor: Jackie Cort
Location: Schack Art Center Studio 1 & Studio 2
Create 4 stunning 12” x 12” abstract works on wood while learning new ways to add depth as well as adding sculptural elements! Can’t wait to see the amazing work you create!
*All levels
*Supplies included
*Aprons or old clothes are recommended.
Drawing & Painting Animals Summer Series
Dates: Monday -Friday, August 12 - 16, 2:00 pm -4:00 pm
Fee: $270/ discount with member code
Ages: 10-16 year old
Levels: All
Sessions: 5
Instructor: Pete Barth
Location: Schack Art Center Drawing & Painting Studio
Learn to depict the beauty, energy, and diversity of animal life utilizing a variety of drawing and painting techniques and media. Learn a range of expressive and playful approaches to zoological illustration with step-by-step instruction, demonstration, and hands-on experience, gaining the foundation you need to draw any zoological subject you like. Create animal gesture drawings and learn to depict the movement and structure of animals in action. Through a series of step-by-step demos, learn to produce true-to-life drawings and paintings of animals. Class is open to all levels of experience.
All supplies will be provided.
All About Color Summer Series
Dates: Monday - Friday, Aug 19 - Aug 23, 11:00 am - 1:00 pm
Fee: $270/ discount with member code
Ages: 10-16 year old
Levels: All
Sessions: 5
Instructor: Pete Barth
Location: Schack Art Center Painting & Drawing Studio
Drawing is extremely easy and fun! We will be drawing a variety of subjects such as landscapes, animals, flowers, and still lives in pastels and colored pencils in this class. We will be covering contrast, highlights/shadow, and composition. The subjects will be taught in a step-by-step fashion. You will be able to follow along with the steps to achieve beautiful finished projects!
All supplies will be provided.
Drawing & Painting Sci Fi and Fantasy Creatures Summer Series
Dates: Monday - Friday, Aug 19 - Aug 23 from 2:00 pm -4:00 pm
Fee: $270/ discount with member code
Ages: 10-16 year old
Levels: All
Sessions: 5
Instructor: Pete Barth
Location: Schack Art Center Painting and Drawing Studio
Explore the fascinating world of fantasy creatures in this exciting class! We will depict dragons, dinos, mecha, monsters, robots, elves, gnomes, trolls, shape-shifters, mutants, clones, giant insectoids, animal-creature hybrids, multi-creature hybrids, and all the amazing things they do: running, flying, swimming, battling foes, rescuing heroes, breathing fire, etc.
We will explore creatures in a variety of media, starting with drawing and continuing in the media of your choice — colored pencil, watercolor, and markers.
All supplies will be provided.
Painting Summer Series
Dates: Monday - Friday, Aug 26 - Aug 30, 2:00 pm -4:00 pm
Fee: $270/ discount with member code
Ages: 10-16 year old
Levels: All
Sessions: 5
Instructor: Pete Barth
Location: Schack Art Center Drawing & Painting Studio
Acrylics are one of the most versatile media ever invented! Bright, luminous colors, ease of use, and infinite techniques make acrylic painting a boundless, creative choice. Whether you are intrigued by acrylic's potential or have worked in acrylic for years, this summer art camp has something for everyone!
Designed specifically for kids aged 10-16, we will cover the basics of composition, light & shadow, color harmony, and perspective. You will have the opportunity to paint a variety of summer-themed subjects: beaches, oceans, mountains, sunsets, flowers, and more. We will delve into some of the alternative techniques acrylics has to offer: washes, layering, dripping, sponging, spraying, textured mediums, collage, etc!
This summer art camp is the perfect opportunity for young artists to expand their creative horizons and learn new techniques.
All supplies will be provided.
Calligraphy - Foundational Script
Dates: Fridays, May 10 -31, 10 am - 12 pm
Fee: $150 / discount with member code
Ages: 18+
Levels: All
Sessions: 4
Instructor: Brigitte Hefferan
Location: Schack Art Center, Painting & Drawing Studio
Many of our modern fonts have their roots in this alphabet. Simply beautiful and very legible, everyone needs this classic minuscule hand.
Come get inspired and create unique projects. Using a variety of inks, colors, paper, and tools, we will create an origami envelope & card, a flutter book, and a lotus book with spiral script among other projects. Beginners and any scribes are welcome.
All supplies are included.
Amate paper: Orange bird
Date: Saturday, May 4 from 11:00-12:30
Fee: $75/ member discount with member code
Ages: 8+
Levels: All
Sessions: 1
Instructor: Maria Casey
Location: Studio 1
Amate paper paintings in Mexico are unique and culturally significant artworks that showcase the traditional craft of making paper from the bark of the ficus or mulberry tree, known as amate. They often reflect the traditions, beliefs, and stories of the indigenous communities represented by drawings of nature, animals, rituals, and daily life. They sometimes have spiritual meanings and connections to the natural world.
Birds in amate paper paintings often hold symbolic meanings, representing various concepts such as freedom, spirituality, and the connection between the earth and the spirit.
The use of bright and bold colors is a characteristic feature of the amate paper paintings.
In this class, you will learn more about the history of the amate paper and how this art form can be adapted using modern elements expanding its possibilities.
You will learn how to combine bright colored pencils and oil pastels and the technique used to integrate them with the texture and color of the paper to create your individual artistic expression within the framework of a longstanding cultural tradition.
Dare to show the potential of your creativity by designing a unique piece of art full of meaning and with ancestral roots. It will be fun!
All supplies provided.
A PAINTING EXPLORATION FOR KIDS
Dates: Sundays, April 21-May 12, from 2:30pm-4pm
Fee: $115 / discount with member code
Ages: 6- 10 yr
Levels: All
Sessions: 4
Instructor: Elena Weber
Location: Schack Art Center, Studio 1
In this class we’ll create 4 artworks, we’ll learn watercolor basics, and get familiar with different techniques. The class will cover easy-to-understand color and composition theory by playing around with cutout shapes that they’ll make. To complete the artwork, we are going to add textures and dimensions using other materials and techniques like pastels, gouache, foil, etc. Focus of the class - painting basics, boosting creativity, and motor skills, and kids of different ages to connect in a creative environment.
Students will learn painting using…
watercolor
gouache
pastel etc.
Parents are welcome to stay.
*All supplies are included
Seaside Encaustic
Dates: Saturday, April 20 from 11:30am - 2:30pm
Fee: $175/ discount with member code
Ages: 18+
Levels: All
Sessions: 1
Instructor: Jackie Cort
Location: Schack Art Center Studio 1 & Studio 2
In this workshop, we are painting in the luminous colors of seaglass to create peaceful ocean waters using texture techniques to give your work, life and energy. Complete with seafoam and sand, you will complete 4 calming pieces to bring into your space.
*All levels
*Supplies included
*Aprons or old clothes are recommended.
Professor Gunter's Superphosphorescent Ultraviolet 3D Interactive Painting Extravaganza
Date: Sunday, April 7 from 12-2pm
Fee: $95/ discount with member code
Instructor: Jack Gunter
Ages: 10+
Levels: All levels
Sessions: 1
Location: Schack Art Center, Studios 1 & 2
Join renowned artist Jack Gunter for an unforgettable afternoon unlocking the secrets of painting in 3-D! Each student will create their own version of a flying pig that springs to life when you put on your 3-D glasses. At the end of the class, you'll take home an 11x17 painting and your very own 3-D glasses!
All supplies included!
LETTING GO EXPRESSIVE LARGE ABSTRACT PAINTING
Date: Saturday, April 6 from 11:30am-2:30pm
Fee: $170/ discount with member code
Ages: 18+
Levels: All
Sessions: 1
Instructor: Jackie Cort
Location: Schack Art Center Studio 1 & 2
A great way to calm all the stress and voices in our heads, please come and relax to a non-judgmental style of abstract painting. You will make four large works on paper. We really have the most fun and sometimes a tear or two as we learn to let it all go and find our inner child at play again. New and repeat students encouraged.
All supplies provided.
Homeschool Art Day
Dates: Friday, March 29, 10 am - 12 pm
Fee: $15
Ages: 6+
Levels: Beginner
Sessions: 1
Instructor: Elena Weber
Location: Schack Art Center, Studios 1 and 2
Designed for Kindergarten-High School-aged students and their caregivers. Youth must be accompanied by an adult. Register for each child attending. Caregivers need to attend with their kid(s) but do not need to register.
Families and educators! The Schack Art Center is excited to host Homeschool Art Day!
Discover new themes and techniques, from watercolor to collage, while honing your skills in composition, color theory, and art history. Each program offers an engaging theme and focuses on the enhancement of academic curriculum highlighting literacy, observation, critical thinking, communication, and social skill development. Sessions will start with an interactive, guided tour of the current art on exhibition and an opportunity to watch the glass blowers create in the hot shop. This program offers a great opportunity for interaction between different homeschool groups in a creative setting. Join us for a journey of creativity and self-expression in a welcoming environment!
Space is limited to 15 participants; please register early.
Cost is $15/student
Homeschool Art Day
Dates: Wednesday March 20, 10 am - 12 pm
Fee: $15
Ages: 6+
Levels: Beginner
Sessions: 1
Instructor: Elena Weber
Location: Schack Art Center, Studios 1 and 2
Designed for Kindergarten-High School-aged students and their caregivers. Youth must be accompanied by an adult. Register for each child attending. Caregivers need to attend with their kid(s) but do not need to register.
Families and educators! The Schack Art Center is excited to host Homeschool Art Day!
Discover new themes and techniques, from watercolor to collage, while honing your skills in composition, color theory, and art history. Each program offers an engaging theme and focuses on the enhancement of academic curriculum highlighting literacy, observation, critical thinking, communication, and social skill development. Sessions will start with an interactive, guided tour of the current art on exhibition and an opportunity to watch the glass blowers create in the hot shop. This program offers a great opportunity for interaction between different homeschool groups in a creative setting. Join us for a journey of creativity and self-expression in a welcoming environment!
Space is limited to 15 participants; please register early.
Cost is $15/student
FEEL GOOD PAINT & DIGITAL. MODERN ILLUSTRATION COURSE
Date: Saturday, March 16 - April 13 from 6:00 -7:30 pm
Fee: $180 / discount with member code
Ages: 18+
Levels: All
Sessions: 5
Instructor: Elena Weber
Location: Schack Art Center, Studio 2
This immersive experience is designed to guide you through the captivating worlds of painting and illustration, helping you unlock your creative potential. We will introduce a blend of manual techniques with digital exploration. Come dive into the enchanting world of both traditional and digital art. Begin a journey of creative growth, where play and exploration fuel your imagination, language, and artistic voice, using watercolor, acrylic, and gouache techniques in painting and illustration while we explore the tools, tricks, and shortcuts of Procreate and Photoshop. Elevate your ability to craft captivating paintings and illustrations, ready for print and web. Discover innovative ways to share and monetize your art.
Student will learn:
Painting and illustration techniques
ProCreate and Photoshop basics digitizing
Business and marketing ideas
Students will make 4+ illustrations, digital copies, and print web-ready files.
iPads and laptops are optional in last 2 classes